This is the ordering of amino acids in the protein chain. Protein structure is usually broken down into four hierarchical levels of organization (Figure 1): By understanding the way the proteinĬhain folds into this functional structure, researchers are now beginning to be able to predict the structure ofĪny protein, as with the recent successes in AlphaFold2 and RoseTTAFold,Īnd also to design proteins with new functions. For example, enzymes have a structure that creates a pocket thatĪrranges reactive amino acids in perfect orientations to perform a chemical reaction. The structure of a protein is central to its function. Why is Understanding Protein Folding Important? Proteins" and are typically not subject to the structural hierarchy described here. These are termed "intrinsically disordered Please note that many cellular proteins have portions that do not adopt a defined, folded structure as part of theirįunction, or only adopt a defined structure when they bind to other proteins. Ranked levels, where simpler levels are arranged into more complex levels. The term "hierarchy" refers to something that is made of One of the centralĭiscoveries is that proteins have a hierarchical structure. The structure of myoglobin revealed this for the first time, and since then, many of theįeatures of folded proteins have been revealed as more and more structures have been determined. One of the earliest insights from structural biology was that many of the protein chains in cells fold into definedģ-dimensional structures. Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Access.Exploring the Structural Biology of Bioenergy.Exploring the Structural Biology of Cancer.
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